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Multiparadigm

Multiparadigm (or multi-paradigm) languages are combination programming languages, mergers, designed to support two or more programming models, forms of program representation, within one language. Examples: procedural+functional or procedural+functional+objects or procedural+functional+logic+objects, etc.

Framework languages (or programming language frameworks), a subset of multiparadigm languages, are designed to also be highly extensible and modular, very paradigm agnostic, minimally biased, ideally with no one main paradigm.

Lisp was not originally intended as a multiparadigm language, but it has evolved into one supporting procedural + functional + object programming models.

Some multiparadigm languages allow creating multidimensional databases, providing high speed searching and sorting of complex data.

Some experts say that these are the new wave in languages and are starting to become popular. They are often faster and easier to build and maintain due to their flexibility, and are well suited to Rapid Application Development: RAD. Keep watching this category!

Sites in Multiparadigm

Kx Systems, Inc.
Makes K, advanced vector oriented, functional language, one of the fastest application development environments (according to Bell Laboratories Benchmarking), and allows very fast processing of large datasets.

Object Oriented and Procedural Lisp
Brief, well written description of Lisp as a Framework Language, and benefits thereof.

Multiparadigm Parallel Programming Environments

Vista: Concepts and Architecture of Vista: a Multiparadigm Programming Environment
Visual multiparadigm programming: visual + object-oriented (signal flow + data flow); from Proceedings of 10th IEEE/CS Symposium on Visual Languages, St. Louis, USA, 4-7 October 1994.

Piccola: A Small Composition Language
PI based COmposition LAnguage: research language to explore the paradigm: Application = Components + Scripts. From the University of Berne.

Lightweight Languages as Software Engineering Tools
Usenix Paper discussing multiparadigm programming as part of a larger topic.

UFO: United Functions and Objects
UFO1.0 was implemented in UFO, and a basic compiler, generating ANSI C; was produced early in the project. This implemention evolved over time, was used to produce a wide range of applications in UFO: numeric benchmarks, programming tools, and natural language processing. Free.

NIAL: Nested Interactive Array Language
Multi-paradigm language, merges aspects of functional array language and procedural languages. Rich set of language primitives make it easy to rapidly develop loop-free data-driven algorithms. Also Q'Nial IDE, and Nial Data Engine embeddable interpreter.

An Object Model for Multiparadigm Programming
Presented at OOPSLA 1994.

UFO: United Functions and Objects: Draft Language Description
Download of UMCS-92-4-3.

Nial: A Quick Look at Nial
The basis of Nial is the array theory of Trenchard More, a body of work which underpins APL2 nested arrays. It has a low profile, but serves the same niche as APL-J.

X Language: xlang
The eXtensible Language: easy to use, multi-syntax, portable set of APIs to create CLI and GUI applications for Unix/X11 and Win32; will ease making big applications, has interpreter/compiler/debugger. [Open Source, GPL]

Multiparadigm Programming Group
At Leibniz Laboratory, Grenoble, France; research topics, news, publications, members. In English and Français.

Uniting Functions and Objects
Abstract of John Sargeant 4-Dec-1996 colloquium.

ELAN
Created 1974 by Technical University of Berlin group, as alternative to BASIC in teaching, for systematic programming, and related styles: top-down, bottom-up, recursive, modular, syntax-directed. Descriptions, brief resource list, documents. English, Deutsch.

ResearchIndex: From Competition to Amalgamation of Different Programming Paradigms
Describes basic elements (data, actions, tunings, voids, mixtures, ...) and principles of programming (stratification, implicit knowledge, limited freedom, ...), directed to amalgamating different programming paradigms (imperative, object-oriented, functional, constraint, ...) in a unified process of generating computer system models.

Piccola Wiki
Wiki for this language. Treats 2 implementations: JPiccola, done in Java; SPiccola, done in Squeak. Descriptions, tutorial, syntax, libraries, bug list, FAQ.

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Saturday, 30 August 2008